Aggressive Angiomyxoma: Only Time Will Tell
Saika Amreen, Yaqoob Wani, Yawar Yaseen, Arshad Parray, Tariq A. Gojwari
Dept. Of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
A 38-year-old primigravida delivered a healthy baby via cesarean section. The patient complained of vague abdominal discomfort a few weeks after surgery. Though blood work was unremarkable, an ultrasound revealed a deep pelvic hypoechoic collection. Patient was afebrile and blood work was unremarkable for infectious etiology. Hemoglobin was normal. The patient was otherwise healthy. This was 6 years ago. The lesion still persists.
DOI: 10.29245/2572-9411/2018/1.1165 View / Download Pdf Spectrum of Lung and Cardiovascular Diseases in Association with Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis
Rose Chami*
Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
“Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis (PIG) associated with a spectrum of neonatal pulmonary disorders”, reported by Cutz et al represents one of the largest series published to date. The report included twenty-eight cases of lung or cardiac disorders with coincident diffuse, patchy, or focal PIG reviewed in Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children. The authors focused on reporting a spectrum of disorders associated with PIG and described four clinicopathological subgroups including imaging, ultrastructural findings, and clinical outcome. The present paper highlights the main findings reported by Cutz et al, and a review of literature is also presented.
DOI: 10.29245/2572-9411/2018/1.1170 View / Download Pdf Genetic Landscape of aHUS: A Comprehensive Analysis of Genetic Variants Reported in The Literature
Rui-Ru Ji1*, Tatiana Serebriyskaya2,3, Natalia Kuzkina2,3
1Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 121 Seaport Boulevard, Boston, MA 02210, USA
2EPAM Systems, 22/2 Zastavskaya Street, MegaPark, 196084, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
3Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow, Russia
Genetic information provides important guidance for long-term management of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), an extremely rare disease that primarily affects a patient’s kidney. To better understand the phenotypic impact of variants identified in aHUS patients, we systematically mined the National Library of Medicine database for case studies of aHUS patients with identifiable genetic variants. Allelic variants from 10 genes (C3, CFB, CFH, CFI, CFHR1, CFHR3, CFHR5, DGKE, CD46/MCP, and THBD) associated with aHUS were collected from 1652 patients. We analyze the enrichment of genetic variants in this “literature cohort” compared with a reference population, the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). We also used a number of tools to predict the pathogenicity of the variants, attempting to reconcile all the results using the protein structure and conservation data. In total, we identified 447 unique genetic variants: 301 of these were not present in the gnomAD database and thus have “moderate” evidence of pathogenicity; 33 variants have “strong” evidence of pathogenicity by enrichment analysis. This study showcases an in silico framework that patient data aggregation and a large scale sequencing database provided a novel opportunity to understand genotype-phenotype associations in aHUS. This framework can be efficiently applied to other rare diseases where data are sparse to help improve the diagnosis and management of these patients.
Abbreviations
aHUS: atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome; gnomAD: Genome Aggregation Database; CD46/MCP: cluster of differentiation 46/membrane cofactor protein; CFH: complement factor H; CFI: complement factor I; CFB: complement factor B; C3: complement component 3; ACMG: American College of Medical Genetics; AF: allele frequency; CFHR1: complement factor H-related protein 1; CFHR3: complement factor H-related protein 3; CFHR5: complement factor H-related protein 5; DGKE: diacylglycerol kinase epsilon; THBD: thrombomodulin; MEDLINE: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; VEP: variant effect predictor; SIFT: sorts intolerant from tolerant substitutions; PROVEAN: protein variation effect analyzer; FATHMM: functional analysis through Hidden Markov Models
DOI: 10.29245/2572-9411/2018/1.1168 View / Download Pdf From Next Generation Sequence to the Phenotype: Exploring the Bainbridge-Ropers Syndrome with Loss of Function Variants in ASXL3
Silvina Noemí Contreras-Capetillo1*, Melania Abreu-González2
1Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Mérida, Yucatán, México
2Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Secuenciación Masiva. Genos Médica, Centro Especializado en Genética, Ciudad de México, México
In 2013, Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome (MIM #615485) was described in patients with severe global developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly and feeding problems due to heterozygous loss of function variants in the ASXL3 gene. The ASXL3 is part of the ASXL gene family involved in gene expression during embryogenesis and they participate as epigenetic scaffolds capable of interacting with complex modifiers of chromatin and diverse transcription factors. Germline variants in ASXL1, ASXL2 and ASXL3 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders which clinical phenotypic presentation resembles to Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome thus elucidating these types of overlapping genetic disorders is challenging. Up to now, approximately forty patients have been confirmed with this syndrome by next generation sequencing. The implementation of whole exome sequencing allows early identification and definitive diagnosis of patients with clinically unestablished phenotypes, as seen in AXL3 gene. This review discusses clinical and molecular features of variants in AXL3 gene associated with Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome.
DOI: 10.29245/2572-9411/2019/1.1160 View / Download Pdf Simplified Approach to Glutaric Acidurias: A Mini-Review
Neslihan Y?ld?r?m Saral, Fehime Benli Aksungar*, Mustafa Serteser
Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Department of Metabolism Istanbul, Turkey
Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs), comprise a large class of genetic diseases affecting the metabolism. Expanded newborn screening from dried dried blood spot (DBS) samples for inborn errors of metabolism has increased the detection of metabolic disorders in asymptomatic newborns and reduced the morbidity and mortality by early interventions. Organic acidurias (OADs) arise from the defects in the intermediary metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid and fatty acid oxidation, leading to the accumulation of organic acids in tissues and their subsequent excretion in urine. Glutaric acidurias are a group of OADs which have three major types with different genetic mutations affecting different metabolic enzymes. In this mini-review we will compare three types of GA and their genotypes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments will be discussed briefly.
DOI: 10.29245/2572-9411/2019/1.1171 View / Download Pdf Roles of H3K27me3 Demethylase JMJD3 in Inflammation and Cancers
Xia Chen1, Xue Xiao2, Fei Guo3*
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
2Anesthesiology of the Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
3Burn Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
Histone demethylation is an important part of epigenetic modifications, involving in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, reprogramming and so on. JmjC domain-containing protein D3 (JMJD3, also called KDM6B) specifically demethylates lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), a repressive epigenetic mark, therefore modulating the expression of target genes. JMJD3 can be strongly and quickly induced by various inflammatory stimuli and cellular stresses, and can enhance pro-inflammatory reactions as well as anti-inflammatory reactions by targeting diverse transcription factors in gene promoters and bodies. Additionally, JMJD3 has a dual effect on many types of cancers through binding to promoters of oncogenes or suppressor genes. As is known to us all, in the occurrence and development of various diseases including inflammation and cancer, JMJD3 plays a crucial role, which has triggered a research boom among numerous scholars over the years. In this review, we primarily focused on the roles of JMJD3 in inflammation and cancers, and briefly discussed its application prospect, laying a theoretical foundation for further research and providing a train of thought for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
DOI: 10.29245/2572-9411/2019/1.1166 View / Download Pdf